Research

Fertilization is one of the largest cost components in palm oil plantation management, reaching 40-60% of total production costs.

Ganoderma boninense, a pathogenic fungus causing Basal Stem Rot, is the greatest threat to Southeast Asian oil palm plantations.

Water is the lifeblood of oil palm plantations — and palm trees are incredibly voracious water drinkers.

Spodosol soil is the biggest challenge in palm oil cultivation in Indonesia, mounding technique increases production by 30-40 percent.

Palm oil flowers take almost three years to mature, with climate stress like drought disrupting development and reducing production.

Raw data from chlorophyll meters isn’t immediately usable, but machine learning improves palm leaf chlorophyll estimation accuracy to R² 0.834.